Stapp Journal, Volume 63

Discover the latest advancements in impact biomechanics and crash injury protection with the Stapp Car Crash Journal, Volume 63. This edition features technical papers submitted to the Stapp Car Crash Journal in 2019 and presented at the 2019 Stapp Car Crash Conference. The Stapp Car Crash Conference is the premier forum for the presentation of research in impact biomechanics, human injury tolerance, and related fields, advancing the knowledge of land-vehicle crash injury protection.

In This Issue

Topics discussed in this issue include:

• Injury biomechanics and prediction models
• Crash test dummies and anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs)
• Advanced crash analysis and vehicle safety technologies
• Child occupant safety
• Brain injury biomechanics and prevention

Access Publications for Volume 63

Volumes of The Stapp Car Crash Journal are available for purchase in digital and print through The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). You may also purchase electronic copies of individual articles.

Purchase Vol. 63 through SAE

Articles from Volume 63

• A Novel Approach to Scaling Age-, Sex-, and Body Size-Dependent Thoracic Responses using Structural Properties of Human Ribs
  Authors: Yun-Seok Kang, John H. Bolte IV, and Amanda M. Agnew—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University; Jason Stammen and Kevin Moorhouse—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Abstract Thoracic injuries are frequently observed in motor vehicle crashes, and rib fractures are the most common of those injuries. Thoracic response targets…
• A Sensor Suite for Toeboard Three-Dimensional Deformation Measurement During Crash
  Authors: Mengyu Song and Cong Chen—Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Tomonari, Furukawa—University of Virginia; Azusa Nakata and Shinsuke Shibata—Honda R&D Co., Ltd. Abstract This paper presents the development of a sensor suite that is used to measure the toeboard threedimensional (3D) dynamic deformation during a crash test, along with…
• A Shoulder Injury Criterion for the EuroSID-2re Applicable in a Large Loading Condition Spectrum of the Military Domain
  Authors: Matthieu Lebarbé and Pascal Baudrit—CEESAR; Denis Lafont—DGA-TT, French Ministry of Defense Abstract The EuroSID-2re (ES-2re) is an Anthropometric Test Device (ATD) from the automotive domain designed for lateral impact. Since the 2000’s, it has also been used by NATO armies to assess the risk of injury to armored vehicles…
• Analysis of Force Mitigation by Boots in Axial Impacts using a Lower Leg Finite Element Model
  Authors: Carolyn E. Hampton, Michael Kleinberger—U.S. Army Research Laboratory; Michael Schlick, Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar—Medical College of Wisconsin at Zablocki Medical Center Abstract Lower extremity injuries caused by floor plate impacts through the axis of the lower leg are a major source of injury and disability for civilian…
• Assessment of Several THOR Thoracic Injury Criteria based on a New Post Mortem Human Subject Test Series and Recommendations
  Authors: Xavier Trosseille and Philippe Petit—LAB PSA Renault; Jérôme Uriot, Pascal Potier, and Pascal Baudrit—CEESAR Abstract Several studies, available in the literature, were conducted to establish the most relevant criterion for predicting the thoracic injury risk on the THOR dummy. The criteria, such as the maximum deflection or a combination…
• Biofidelic Evaluation of the Large Omni-Directional Child Anthropomorphic Test Device in Low Speed Loading Conditions
  Authors: Thomas Seacrist, Jalaj Maheshwari, and Valentina Graci—The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Christine M. Holt, Raul Akkem, and Gregory Chingas—Drexel University; Ethan C. Douglas and Madeline Griffith—University of Pennsylvania; Aimee J. Palumbo—Temple University Abstract Motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death for children. Traditionally, restraint design has focused…
• Brain Strain from Motion of Sparse Markers
  Authors: Zhou Zhou, Xiaogai Li, and Svein Kleiven—KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech-Wake Forest Center for Injury Biomechanics Abstract Brain strain secondary to head impact or inertial loading is closely associated with pathologic observations in the brain. The only experimental brain strain dataset under loadings close to…
• Development of a Subhuman Primate Brain Finite Element Model to Investigate Brain Injury Thresholds Induced by Head Rotation
  Authors: Tushar Arora and Liying Zhang—Wayne State University; Priya Prasad—Prasad Engineering, LLC Abstract An anatomically detailed rhesus monkey brain FE model was developed to simulate in vivo responses of the brain of sub-human primates subjected to rotational accelerations resulting in diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The material properties used in the…
• Factors Affecting Child Injury Risk in Motor-Vehicle Crashes
  Authors: Marco Benedetti, Kathleen D. Klinich, Miriam A. Manary, and Carol A.C. Flannagan—University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Abstract Current recommendations for restraining child occupants are based on biomechanical testing and data from national and international field studies primarily conducted prior to 2011. We hypothesized that analysis to identify factors…
• Far Side Impact Injury Threshold Recommendations Based on 6 Paired WorldSID / Post Mortem Human Subjects Tests
  Authors: Philippe Petit and Xavier Trosseille—LAB PSA Peugeot Citroën Renault (Nanterre – France); Jérôme Uriot, David Poulard, Pascal Potier, and Pascal Baudrit—CEESAR (Nanterre – France); Sabine Compigne—Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA (Belgium); Masato Kunisada and Kenji Tsurui—Toyota Motor Corporation (Japan) Abstract Far side has been identified in the literature as a…
• Human Response and Injury Resulting from Head Impacts with Unmanned Aircraft Systems
  Authors: David B. Stark, Arrianna K. Willis, Zach Eshelman, Yun-Seok Kang, Rakshit Ramachandra, and John H. Bolte IV—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University; Matthew McCrink—Aerospace Research Center, The Ohio State University Abstract Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, are part of a new and budding industry…
• Kinematic and Biomechanical Response of Post-Mortem Human Subjects Under Various Pre-Impact Postures to High-Rate Vertical Loading Conditions
  Authors: Lauren Wood Zaseck, Anne C. Bonifas, Carl S. Miller, Nichole Ritchie Orton, and Matthew P. Reed—University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute; Constantine K. Demetropoulos, Kyle A. Ott, Christopher J. Dooley, Nathanael P. Kuo, Leah M. Strohsnitter, Joseph R. Andrist, Mary E. Luongo, David G. Drewry III, and Andrew C….
• Pedestrian Detection During Vehicle Backing Maneuvers Using Ultrasonic Parking Sensors
  Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui and Naruyuki Hosokawa—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Shoko Oikawa—Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Abstract Ultrasonic parking sensors are an active technology designed to alert drivers to the presence of objects behind their vehicle but not the presence of a human. The purpose of this study was…
• PMHS and WorldSID Kinematic and Injury Response in Far-Side Events in a Vehicle-Based Test Environment
  Authors: Daniel Perez-Rapela, John-Paul Donlon, Jason L. Forman, and Jeff R. Crandall—University of Virginia, Center for Applied Biomechanics; Bengt Pipkorn and Benjamin K. Shurtz—Autoliv; Craig Markusic—Honda R&D Americas Abstract Far-side kinematics and injury are influenced by the occupant environment. The goal of the present study was to evaluate in-vehicle human…
• Response Ratio Development for Lateral Pendulum Impact with Porcine Thorax and Abdomen Surrogate Equivalents
  Authors: Jennifer L. Yaek and John M. Cavanaugh—Wayne State University; Stephen W. Rouhana—Vehicle Safety Sciences LLC Abstract There has been recent progress over the past 10 years in research comparing 6-year-old thoracic and abdominal response of pediatric volunteers, pediatric post mortem human subjects (PMHS), animal surrogates, and 6-year-old ATDs. Although…

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