This title includes the technical papers developed for the 2017 Stapp Car Crash Conference, the premier forum for the presentation of research in impact biomechanics, human injury tolerance, and related fields, advancing the knowledge of land-vehicle crash injury protection.
Topics covered in this issue include:
- Biomechanics in Dynamic Compression
- Influence of Seating Position
- Restraint Design for Occupant Protection
- Mitigating Neck Injuries
- Anthropomorphic Test Devices
- Crash Data Analysis
- Injury and effect of directional impacts
- Pedestrian and cyclist injury factors and testing
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Application of Extreme Value Theory to Crash Data Analysis Lan Xu and Guy Nusholtz—FCA US LLC, USA Abstract A parametric model obtained by fitting a set of data to a function generally uses a procedure such as maximum likelihood or least squares. In general this will generate the best estimate for the distribution of the data overall but will not necessarily generate a reasonable estimation for the tail of the distribution unless the function fitted resembles the underlying distribution…
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Development of the CAVEMAN Human Body Model: Validation of Lower Extremity Sub-Injurious Response to Vertical Accelerative Loading Authors: Kent Butz, Chad Spurlock, Rajarshi Roy, Cameron Bell, Paul Barrett, Aaron Ward, Xudong Xiao, Allen Shirley, Colin Welch, Kevin Lister—Corvid Technologies Abstract Improving injury prediction accuracy and fidelity for mounted Warfighters has become an area of focus for the U.S. military in response to improvised explosive device (IED) use in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Although the Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) has historically been used for crew injury…
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Human Foot-Ankle Injuries and Associated Risk Curves from Under Body Blast Loading Conditions Authors: Sajal Chirvi, Narayan Yoganandan, Mike Schlick, and William Curry—Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin/VA Medical Center; Frank Pintar—Department of Neurosurgery/Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin/VA Medical Center; Anjishnu Banerjee—Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin; Liming Voo—John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Abstract Under body blast (UBB) loading to military transport vehicles is known to cause foot-ankle fractures to occupants due to energy transfer from…
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Optimizing Seat Belt and Airbag Designs for Rear Seat Occupant Protection in Frontal Crashes Authors: Jingwen Hu and Matthew P. Reed—University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute; Jonathan D. Rupp—Emory University School of Medicine; Kurt Fischer, Paul Lange, and Angelo Adler—ZF TRW Automotive Holdings Corp Abstract Recent field data have shown that the occupant protection in vehicle rear seats failed to keep pace with advances in the front seats likely due to the lack of advanced safety technologies. The objective of this study was to…
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Strain-rate Dependency of Axonal Tolerance for Uniaxial Stretching Authors: Hiromichi Nakadate, Evrim Kurtoglu, Hidenori Furukawa, Shoko Oikawa, and Shigeru Aomura—Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University; Akira Kakuta—Advanced Course of Mechanical and Computer Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College; Yasuhiro Matsui—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory Abstract This study aims to clarify the relation between axonal deformation and the onset of axonal injury. Firstly, to examine the influence of strain rate on the threshold for…
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Human Shoulder Response to High Velocity Lateral Impact Authors: Matthieu Lebarbé—CEESAR, Nanterre, France; Philippe Vezin—Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622, Lyon, France; Frédéric Rongiéras—Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622, Lyon, France/Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique – Hôpital d'instruction des armées Desgenettes – 69003 Lyon, France; Denis Lafont Abstract The armies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization need a shoulder injury criterion for the EuroSID-2re dummy that must…
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Biomechanics of Lumbar Motion-Segments in Dynamic Compression Authors: Mike W. J. Arun, Prasannaah Hadagali, Klaus Driesslein, William Curry, Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar—Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin Abstract Recent epidemiology studies have reported increase in lumbar spine injuries in frontal crashes. Whole human body finite element models (FEHBM) are frequently used to delineate mechanisms of such injuries. However, the accuracy of these models in mimicking the response of human spine relies on the characterization…
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Optimal Specifications for the Advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor Takahiro Isshiki, Jacobo Antona-Makoshi, and Atsuhiro Konosu—Japan Automobile Research Institute Yukou Takahashi—Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association Abstract This study addresses the virtual optimization of the technical specifications for a recently developed Advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor (aPLI). The aPLI incorporates a number of enhancements for improved lower limb injury predictability with respect to its predecessor, the FlexPLI. It also incorporates an attached Simplified Upper Body Part (SUBP) that enables the impactor’s applicability…
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Association of Impact Velocity with Serious-Injury and Fatality Risks to Cyclists in Commercial Truck-Cyclist Accidents Yasuhiro Matsui—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan Shoko Oikawa—Tokyo Metropolitan University Kazuhiro Sorimachi, Akira Imanishi, and Takeshi Fujimura—Isuzu Advanced Engineering Center, Ltd. , Japan Abstract This study aimed to clarify the relationship between truck–cyclist collision impact velocity and the serious-injury and fatality risks to cyclists, and to investigate the effects of road type and driving scenario on the frequency of cyclist fatalities due to collisions with vehicles. We used…
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New Reference PMHS Tests to Assess Whole-Body Pedestrian Impact Using a Simplified Generic Vehicle Front-End Eric Song, Philippe Petit, and Xavier Trosseille—LAB PSA Renault Jerome Uriot, Pascal Potier, and Denis Dubois—CEESAR Richard Douard—Université Paris René Descartes Abstract This study aims to provide a set of reference post-mortem human subject tests which can be used, with easily reproducible test conditions, for developing and/or validating pedestrian dummies and computational human body models against a road vehicle. An adjustable generic buck was first developed to represent vehicle front-ends….
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Analysis of Repeatability and Reproducibility Standards of ATD Response for the Correlation Method Lan Xu and Guy Nusholtz—FCA US LLC, USA Abstract Statistical methods, using the entire time-history, can be used to assess the impact response of an ATD (Anthropomorphic Test Device) in terms of its repeatability and reproducibility. In general, the methods generate a correlation relationship described as shape, magnitude and phase-difference between two time-histories’ in a given set of similar tests: for repeatability the relationship it is for the same ATD,…
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Biofidelity Evaluation of the THOR and Hybrid III 50th Percentile Male Frontal Impact Anthropomorphic Test Devices Authors: Daniel Parent, Matthew Craig, Kevin Moorhouse—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Abstract The objective of this study is to present a quantitative comparison of the biofidelity of the THOR and Hybrid III 50th percentile male ATDs. Quantitative biofidelity was assessed using NHTSA’s Biofidelity Ranking System in a total of 21 test conditions, including impacts to the head, face, neck, upper thorax, lower oblique thorax, upper abdomen, lower abdomen, femur, knee, lower…
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Neck Injury Response in High Vertical Accelerations and its Algorithmical Formalization to Mitigate Neck Injuries Authors: Julie Klima, Jian Kang, AnnMarie Meldrum, Steven Pankiewicz—Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center Abstract Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) conducted a comprehensive analysis of data collected during the evaluation of head and neck impact during injurious and non-injurious loading. This evaluation included impact velocity, helmet to roof clearance, and neck angle using a fully instrumented Hybrid III head and neck assembly. The results of this…
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Occupant Kinematics in Simulated Autonomous Driving Vehicle Collisions: Influence of Seating Position, Direction and Angle Authors: Yuichi Kitagawa, Shigeki Hayashi, Katsunori Yamada, Mitsuaki Gotoh—Toyota Motor Corporation Abstract This two-part study analyzed occupant kinematics in simulated collisions of future automated driving vehicles in terms of seating configuration. In part one, a frontal collision was simulated with four occupants with the front seats reversed. The left front seat occupant was unbelted while the others were belted. In part two of the study, occupant restraint was examined in…
Publisher: The Stapp Association
Specs: Published by The Stapp Association with a Product Code of B-STAPP2017, ISBN of 978-0-9911333-3-8, ISSN of 1532-8546, and 403 pages in a softbound binding.
