This title includes the technical papers developed for the 2016 Stapp Car Crash Conference, the premier forum for the presentation of research in impact biomechanics, human injury tolerance, and related fields, advancing the knowledge of land-vehicle crash injury protection.
Topics covered in this issue include:
- Head/brain biomechanics
- Thorax, spine, and pelvis biomechanics
- Foot-Ankle Biomechanics
- Injury and effect of directional impacts
- Pedestrian and cyclist injury factors and testing
- Commercial truck and pedestrian accidents factors and testing
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The Large Omnidirectional Child (LODC) ATD: Biofidelity Comparison with the Hybrid III 10 Year Old Jason Stammen and Kevin Moorhouse — National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Brian Suntay — Transportation Research Center Inc. Michael Carlson and Yun-Seok Kang —The Ohio State University Abstract When the Hybrid III 10-year old (HIII-10C) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) was adopted into Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 49 Part 572 as the best available tool for evaluating large belt-positioning booster seats in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 213,…
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Biomechanical Response of Military Booted and Unbooted Foot-Ankle-Tibia from Vertical Loading Authors: Frank A. Pintar, Michael B. Schlick, and Narayan Yoganandan—Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center; Liming Voo and Andrew C. Merkle—Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Michael Kleinberger—US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds Abstract A new anthropomorphic test device (ATD) is being developed by the US Army to be responsive to vertical loading during a vehicle underbody blast event. To obtain design parameters for the new ATD,…
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Evaluation of WIAMan Technology Demonstrator Biofidelity Relative to Sub-Injurious PMHS Response in Simulated Under-body Blast Events Authors: Hollie A. Pietsch, Kelly E. Bosch, and David R. Weyland—US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center; E. Meade Spratley, Kyvory A. Henderson, and Robert S. Salzar—University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics; Terrance A. Smith and Brandon M. Sagara—Dynamic Research, Inc.; Constantine K. Demetropoulos, Christopher J. Dooley and Andrew C. Merkle—Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Abstract Three laboratory simulated sub-injurious under-body blast (UBB) test conditions were…
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Traffic Accidents Involving Cyclists Identifying Causal Factors Using Questionnaire Survey, Traffic Accident Data, and Real-World Observation Authors: Shoko Oikawa and Yasuhiro Matsui—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Toshiya Hirose—Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan; Shigeru Aomura—Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Abstract The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of traffic accidents involving cyclists. The focus is on the characteristics of cyclist accidents and scenarios, because the number of traffic accidents involving cyclists in Tokyo is the highest in Japan. First, dangerous situations in traffic…
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Association of Impact Velocity with Risks of Serious Injuries and Fatalities to Pedestrians in Commercial Truck-Pedestrian Accidents Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui and Shoko Oikawa—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Kazuhiro Sorimachi, Akira Imanishi, and Takeshi Fujimura—Isuzu Advanced Engineering Center, Ltd., Japan Abstract This study aimed to clarify the relationship between truck-pedestrian crash impact velocity and the risks of serious injury and fatality to pedestrians. We used micro and macro truck-pedestrian accident data from the Japanese Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) database. We classified…
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Responses and Injuries to PMHS in Side-Facing and Oblique Seats in Horizontal Longitudinal Sled Tests per FAA Emergency Landing Conditions Authors: John R. Humm, Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar—Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin; Richard L. DeWeese, David M. Moorcroft, and Amanda M. Taylor—Civil Aerospace Medical Institute; Brian Peterson—Milwaukee County Medical Examiner’s Office Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the sacroiliac joint injury mechanism. Two test configurations were selected from full scale car crashes conducted with the WorldSID 50th dummy resulting in high sacroiliac joint loads…
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Investigation of Pelvic Injuries on Eighteen Post Mortem Human Subjects Submitted to Oblique Lateral Impacts Authors: Matthieu Lebarbé, Pascal Baudrit, and Pascal Potier—CEESAR; Philippe Petit, and Xavier Trosseille—LAB PSA Peugeot Citroën Renault; Sabine Compigne—Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA; Mitsutoshi Masuda and Takumi Fujii—Toyota Motor Corporation; Richard Douard—Université René Descartes, Paris Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the sacroiliac joint injury mechanism. Two test configurations were selected from full scale car crashes conducted with the WorldSID 50th dummy resulting in high sacroiliac joint loads and…
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Biomechanical Responses of PMHS Subjected to Abdominal Seatbelt Loading Authors: Rakshit Ramachandra, Yun-Seok Kang, and John H. Bolte—The Ohio State University; Alena Hagedorn and Rodney Herriott—Transportation Research Center Inc.; Jason A. Stammen and Kevin Moorhouse—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Abstract Past studies have found that a pressure based injury risk function was the best predictor of liver injuries due to blunt impacts. In an effort to expand upon these findings, this study investigated the biomechanical responses of the abdomen…
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Effect of Abdominal Loading Location on Liver Motion: Experimental Assessment using Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging and Simulation with a Human Body Model Authors: Anicet Le Ruyet and Philippe Beillas—Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622, Lyon, France; Fabien Berthet—Transpolis SAS< Lyon Saint-Exupéry Aéroport, France; Frédéric Rongiéras—Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622, Lyon, France/Service Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie – Hôpital Desgenettes – 69003 Lyon, France Abstract This study investigates the isolated effect of rib shape on the mechanical characteristics of ribs subjected to multiple…
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The Effect of Rib Shape on Stiffness Authors: Sven A. Holcombe— Department of Biomedical Engineering/International Center for Automotive Medicine, University of Michigan; Stewart C. Wang—International Center for Automotive Medicine, University of Michigan; James B. Grotberg—Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Abstract This study investigates the isolated effect of rib shape on the mechanical characteristics of ribs subjected to multiple forms of loading. It aims to measure the variation in stiffness due to shape that is seen…
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Age-Specific Injury Risk Curves for Distributed, Anterior Thoracic Loading of Various Sizes of Adults Based on Sternal Deflections Authors: Harold J. Mertz—General Motors Corporation (retired); Priya Prasad—Prasad Engineering, LLC; Dainius J. Dalmotas—D. J. Dalmotas Consulting, Inc.; Annette L. Irwin—General Motors LLC Abstract Injury Risk Curves are developed from cadaver data for sternal deflections produced by anterior, distributed chest loads for a 25, 45, 55, 65 and 75 year-old Small Female, Mid-Size Male and Large Male based on the variations of bone strengths with age. These curves show that…
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Thoracic Injury Risk Curves for Rib Deflections of the SID-IIs Build Level D Authors: Annette L. Irwin, Greg Crawford, David Gorman, and Sikui Wang—General Motors LLC; Harold J. Mertz—General Motors Corporation (retired) Abstract Injury risk curves for SID-IIs thorax and abdomen rib deflections proposed for future NCAP side impact evaluations were developed from tests conducted with the SID-IIs FRG. Since the floating rib guide is known to reduce the magnitude of the peak rib deflections, injury risk curves developed from SID-IIs FRG data…
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Development and Full Body Validation of a 5th Percentile Female Finite Element Model Authors: Matthew L. Davis, Bharath Koya, Jeremy M. Schap, and F. Scott Gayzik—Wake Forest School of Medicine, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University Center for Injury Biomechanics Abstract To mitigate the societal impact of vehicle crash, researchers are using a variety of tools, including finite element models (FEMs). As part of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) project, comprehensive medical image and anthropometrical data of the 5th percentile female (F05) were…
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Development, Evaluation, and Sensitivity Analysis of Parametric Finite Element Whole-Body Human Models in Side Impacts Authors: Eunjoo Hwang, Jingwen Hu, Cong Chen, Katelyn F. Klein, Carl S. Miller, and Matthew P. Reed—University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute; Jonathan D. Rupp—Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory School of Medicine; Jason J. Hallman—Collaborative Safety Research Center, Toyota Technical Center USA Abstract Occupant stature and body shape may have significant effects on injury risks in motor vehicle crashes, but the current finite element (FE) human body models (HBMs) only…
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Development of an Unbiased Validation Protocol to Assess the Biofidelity of Finite Element Head Models used in Prediction of Traumatic Brain Injury Authors: Chiara Giordano and Svein Kleiven—Royal Institute of Technology KTH, School of Technology and Health, Department of Neuronic Engineering Abstract This study describes a method to identify laboratory test procedures and impact response requirements suitable for assessing the biofidelity of finite element head models used in prediction of traumatic brain injury. The selection of the experimental data and the response requirements were result of a critical evaluation based on the accuracy,…
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New Risk Curves for NHTSA’s Brain Injury Criterion (BrIC): Derivations and Assessments Authors: Tony R. Laituri, Scott Henry, Kevin Pline, Guosong Li, Michael Frankstein, and Para Weerappuli—Ford Motor Company Abstract The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recently published a Request for Comments regarding a potential upgrade to the US New Car Assessment Program (US NCAP) – a star-rating program pertaining to vehicle crashworthiness. Therein, NHTSA (a) cited two metrics for assessing head risk: Head Injury Criterion (HIC15) and Brain Injury Criterion…
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Morphomics of the Talus Authors: David Gorman and Ebram Handy—General Motors LLC and International Center for Automotive Medicine Fellows; Sikui Wang and Annette L. Irwin—General Motors LLC; Stewart Wang—International Center for Automotive Medicine Fellows Abstract Previous studies of frontal crash databases reported that ankle fractures are among the most common lower extremity fractures. While not generally life threatening, these injuries can be debilitating. Laboratory research into the mechanisms of ankle fractures has linked dorsiflexion…
Publisher: The Stapp Association
Specs: Published by The Stapp Association with a Product Code of B-STAPP2016, ISBN of 978-0-9911333-2-1, ISSN of 1532-8546, and 663 pages in a softbound binding
