Authors: Chirag Shah, Tushar Arora, Gopinath Velmurugan, Pradeep Kulavi, Stephen Fu, Anurag Soni, Renuka Jagadish, Humanetics Group Abstract Human Body Models (HBMs) are gaining recognition by consumer agencies as tools to enhance…
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Comparison of Skull Deformations During Head Drop Tests from Experimental Accelerometers and Finite Element Simulations
Authors: Carolyn Hampton, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory; Karthik Somasundaram, Medical College of Wisconsin Abstract There are many experimental sources for validating biomechanical models of the head, but relatively little has been done…
Validation of Impact-Absorbing Pavement Under Head Oblique Impacts
Authors: Qi Huang, Zhou Zhou, Chengbin Li, Svein Kleiven, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; Christina Makoundou, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Cesare Sangiorgi, University of Bologna, Italy Abstract Head injuries are an…
Rear Row Frontal Airbags and Their Interaction with Rear-Facing and Forward-Facing Child Restraint Systems (CRS)
Authors: Julie Mansfield, Gretchen Baker, The Ohio State University Abstract Airbags that deploy in front of the occupant are being implemented for rear row passengers. This study explores frontal sled tests with…
A Preliminary Investigation of Costal Cartilage and the Costochondral Junction in Three-Point Bending
Authors: Christopher Lopez, Andrew Kemper, Devon Albert, Virginia Tech University; Amanda Agnew, The Ohio State University Abstract Thoracic skeletal trauma is a common result from motor vehicle collisions. This includes fractures to…
Effect of Dual Lap Belt Load-Limiters in Reclined Frontal Impact Sled Tests with PMHS of Varying Anthropometry and Sex
Authors: Jeesoo Shin, Rachel Newman, John Paul Donlon, Sara Sochor, Bronislaw Gepner, Jason Kerrigan, University of Virginia; Martin Ӧstling, Krystoffer Mroz, Autoliv Development AB, Sweden Abstract Three frontal impact sled tests were…
A Simple Approach to Measuring Moment of Inertia of Body Segments and Fixturing Used in Biomechanical Experiments
Authors: Vikram Pradhan, Michael Godfrey, Transportation Research Center Inc.; Ann Mallory, Vehicle Research and Test Center NHTSA; Yun-Seok Kang, The Ohio State University Abstract The center of gravity (CG) and mass moment…
Attenuation of Low-Density Projectiles by Fabric in High-Rate Impacts
Authors: William Lindahl, Karthik Somasundaram, Frank Pintar, Medical College of Wisconsin; Carolyn Hampton, Michael Kleinberger, US DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Abstract Protective clothing can mitigate injuries from high-rate impacts, particularly from low-density…
A 50th Percentile Female Human Body Model for Research on Equitable Occupant Protection
Authors: Takao Matsuda, Noriyuki Fujita, Mitsuaki Goto, Yuichi Kitagawa, Toyota Motor Corporation Abstract The application of virtual human body models in vehicle safety research has expanded significantly, providing advantages over traditional anthropomorphic…
Small Female Acceleration Response Corridors and Updated THOR-05F BioRank: Preliminary Results from Nearside Frontal Oblique Impact Tests
Authors: Jared Koser, Tyler Rooks, Narayan Yoganandan, Medical College of Wisconsin Abstract The objective of the study was to develop response corridors of small female post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) and evaluate the…
Sex-Specific ATD Assessments for Lower Extremity Injuries
Authors: Michael Jorgensen, Donald Sherman, Cameron Bass, Cynthia Bir, Wayne State University Abstract Increased risk of lower extremity injuries for shorter stature drivers and women continues to be of concern. Nine sled…
Brain Strain Produced by Local Inertial Force Components
Authors: Xianghao Zhan, August Domel, Michael Fanton, Samuel Raymond, Hossein Vahid Alizadeh, Nicholas Cecchi, Michael Zeineh, David Camarillo, Stanford University; Yuzhe Liu, Beihang University, China & Stanford University; Zhou Zhou, Stanford University…
Role of Pedestrian Waist and Hip Height Relative to the Vehicle Front End in Kinematics and Torso Injuries
Authors: Becky Mueller, Samuel Monfort, Jessica Jermakian—Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Abstract This study examined 127 U.S. pedestrian crashes involving model year 2009–2022 cars, SUVs, and pickups to explore how the height…
Preliminary Evaluation of OpenSim as a Tool for Simulating Occupant Kinematics in Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions
Authors: Brandon Fugger—Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota; Jesse Rhoades—Department of Education, Health & Behavior, University of North Dakota Abstract This study explored the feasibility of using OpenSim’s forward dynamics…
Micromechanics of axonal injury in tension and compression
Authors: Chaokai Zhang, Songbai Ji—Worcester Polytechnic Institute Abstract This study investigates the deformation and failure mechanisms of axonal components under rapid tension and compression using a recently developed microscale male axonal injury…
A Study of Submarining Occurrence Factors in Reclined Sitting Posture
Authors: Garam Jeong, Dohyung Kim, Kyungwon Seo and Seokhoon Ko—Hyundai Mobis Abstract A series of crash simulations and SLED tests were performed to investigate the factors causing the submarine phenomenon. A parametric…
Pelvis/Sacrum Fracture Tolerance for Males and Females under High-Rate Loading
Authors: David M. Boyle, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics; Kerry A. Danelson—Wake Forest, Center for Injury Biomechanics Abstract Pelvis fracture tolerance was determined for three groups: small females (5F),…
An Exploration of Military Armored Vehicle Blast Event Timing for the Inclusion of Active and Passive Safety Systems
Authors: Tania Holmes—Defence Science and Technology Group, Platforms Division, Vehicle Survivability/RMIT University, School of Engineering; Paul Phillips, Kyle Cooper—Defence Science and Technology Group, Platforms Division, Vehicle Survivability; Hormoz Marzbani—RMIT University, School of…
Comparison of Hybrid III, THOR, and PMHS Forward Excursions in the Rear Seat during Frontal Sled Tests
Authors: Devon L. Albert, Samuel T. Bianco, Allison J. Guettler, David M. Boyle, Andrew R. Kemper, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics Abstract The purpose of this study was to…
Developing Finite Element Head Models using Advanced Blocking Techniques: Density-Changeable High-Quality All-Hexahedral Meshes and Fit for Individual Brain Component Morphing
Authors: Sakib Ul Islam, Kewei Bian, and Haojie Mao—Western University Abstract Detailed all-hexahedral solid head models were developed using an advanced blocking technique. A strategic O- grid core was implemented facilitating node-to-node…
Development of Pelvis Injury Risk Curves for Iliac Bone Fracture Due to Lap Belt Loading in Female PMHS Sled Tests
Authors: Karthik Somasundaram, Narayan Yoganandan, Klaus Driesslein, Frank A. Pintar—Medical College of Wisconsin; Rachel Richardson, Dan Parent—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Abstract This study aimed to develop injury tolerance metrics for iliac…
Evaluating Pedestrian Injury Risk in SUV Impacts Using a Validated Human Body and Vehicle Model
Authors: Ying Tao, Liying Zhang—Wayne State University Abstract Pedestrian fatalities have surged recently, with SUVs disproportionately causing severe injuries than sedans. This study aimed to enhance the biofidelity of the THUMS AM50…