A Study of Submarining Occurrence Factors in Reclined Sitting Posture

Authors: Garam Jeong, Dohyung Kim, Kyungwon Seo and Seokhoon Ko—Hyundai Mobis

Abstract

A series of crash simulations and SLED tests were performed to investigate the factors causing the submarine phenomenon. A parametric study was conducted on various factors such as ATD type, seat recline angle, and restraint device, and the results were analyzed. In the study, the submarine phenomenon was shown to be highly affected by the type of ATD and seat recline angle. It was also shown that the submarining could be controlled by lower body restraint devices such as KAB or SCAB. SCAB had the effect of delaying the time of submarine occurrence, and KAB had the effect of returning the passenger’s posture to the normal sitting position. On the other hand, it was found that upper body responses of ATD in the reclined position can be mitigated through the dual-depth PAB.

Type: Short Communication

© Stapp Association, 2024

Browse Contemporary Short Communications

View additional Short Communications presented at the 68^th Stapp Car Crash Conference, 2024.

• A Study of Submarining Occurrence Factors in Reclined Sitting Posture
  Authors: Garam Jeong, Dohyung Kim, Kyungwon Seo and Seokhoon Ko—Hyundai Mobis Abstract A series of crash simulations and SLED…
• An Exploration of Military Armored Vehicle Blast Event Timing for the Inclusion of Active and Passive Safety Systems
  Authors: Tania Holmes—Defence Science and Technology Group, Platforms Division, Vehicle Survivability/RMIT University, School of Engineering; Paul Phillips, Kyle Cooper—Defence…
• Anthropometric Influences on Changes in Belt-Positioning Booster Occupant Lower Extremity Postures
  Authors: Rosalie Connell, Gretchen Baker, Julie Mansfield—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University Abstract Deviation from ideal postures…
• Comparison of Hybrid III, THOR, and PMHS Forward Excursions in the Rear Seat during Frontal Sled Tests
  Authors: Devon L. Albert, Samuel T. Bianco, Allison J. Guettler, David M. Boyle, Andrew R. Kemper, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia…
• Developing Finite Element Head Models using Advanced Blocking Techniques: Density-Changeable High-Quality All-Hexahedral Meshes and Fit for Individual Brain Component Morphing
  Authors: Sakib Ul Islam, Kewei Bian, and Haojie Mao—Western University Abstract Detailed all-hexahedral solid head models were developed using…
• Development of Pelvis Injury Risk Curves for Iliac Bone Fracture Due to Lap Belt Loading in Female PMHS Sled Tests
  Authors: Karthik Somasundaram, Narayan Yoganandan, Klaus Driesslein, Frank A. Pintar—Medical College of Wisconsin; Rachel Richardson, Dan Parent—National Highway Traffic…
• Evaluating Pedestrian Injury Risk in SUV Impacts Using a Validated Human Body and Vehicle Model
  Authors: Ying Tao, Liying Zhang—Wayne State University Abstract Pedestrian fatalities have surged recently, with SUVs disproportionately causing severe injuries…
• Far-Side Struck Occupant Injury Patterns and Severities with Gender and Size 
  Authors: Jay Zhao, Gabriela Mata, Mutaz Shkoukani—Joyson Safety Systems Abstract This study was to better understand injury patterns and…
• Micromechanics of axonal injury in tension and compression
  Authors: Chaokai Zhang, Songbai Ji—Worcester Polytechnic Institute Abstract This study investigates the deformation and failure mechanisms of axonal components…
• Pelvis/Sacrum Fracture Tolerance for Males and Females under High-Rate Loading
  Authors: David M. Boyle, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics; Kerry A. Danelson—Wake Forest, Center for Injury…
• Preliminary Evaluation of OpenSim as a Tool for Simulating Occupant Kinematics in Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions
  Authors: Brandon Fugger—Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota; Jesse Rhoades—Department of Education, Health & Behavior, University of…
• Role of Pedestrian Waist and Hip Height Relative to the Vehicle Front End in Kinematics and Torso Injuries
  Authors: Becky Mueller, Samuel Monfort, Jessica Jermakian—Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Abstract This study examined 127 U.S. pedestrian crashes…