Short Communications from the 68th Conference

Short Communications are perfect for quickly reporting novel and important research findings, methodologies, or technologies. These concise reports are not considered terminal publications and can later be expanded into full-length papers and submitted to the Stapp Car Crash Journal. Short communications developed for the 68^th Stapp Car Crash Conference, 2024, discuss ongoing research in trauma biomechanics, occupant kinematics, safety systems and Finite Element Modeling. The Stapp Car Crash Conference is the premier forum for the presentation of research in impact biomechanics, human injury tolerance, and related fields, advancing the knowledge of land-vehicle crash injury protection.

In This Collection

Topics discussed in short communications from the 68^th Stapp Car Crash Conference include:

• Effects and development of airbags and vehicle restraint systems
• Thoracic response during front, side, and rear impacts
• Modeling pedestrian impacts
• Examination of sex-based differences and injuries
• New data on the biomechanics of injury and human tolerance, new methods and tools to study the biomechanics of injury, new developments in occupant protection systems, and new concepts on the biomechanics of injury based on experimental and analytical studies.

Short Communications from the 68^th Conference

• A Study of Submarining Occurrence Factors in Reclined Sitting Posture
  Authors: Garam Jeong, Dohyung Kim, Kyungwon Seo and Seokhoon Ko—Hyundai Mobis Abstract A series of crash simulations and SLED tests were performed to investigate the factors causing the submarine phenomenon. A parametric study was conducted on various factors such as ATD type, seat recline angle, and restraint device, and the…
• An Exploration of Military Armored Vehicle Blast Event Timing for the Inclusion of Active and Passive Safety Systems
  Authors: Tania Holmes—Defence Science and Technology Group, Platforms Division, Vehicle Survivability/RMIT University, School of Engineering; Paul Phillips, Kyle Cooper—Defence Science and Technology Group, Platforms Division, Vehicle Survivability; Hormoz Marzbani—RMIT University, School of Engineering Abstract Recent conflicts have led defence forces around the world to increase their vehicle protection to mitigate…
• Anthropometric Influences on Changes in Belt-Positioning Booster Occupant Lower Extremity Postures
  Authors: Rosalie Connell, Gretchen Baker, Julie Mansfield—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University Abstract Deviation from ideal postures within belt-positioning booster seats (BPB) can lead to increased risks of injury during motor vehicle collisions. Although previous work has observed and measured out-of-position postures, there is a limited understanding of…
• Comparison of Hybrid III, THOR, and PMHS Forward Excursions in the Rear Seat during Frontal Sled Tests
  Authors: Devon L. Albert, Samuel T. Bianco, Allison J. Guettler, David M. Boyle, Andrew R. Kemper, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the forward excursions of the Hybrid III and THOR 50th-percentile male ATDs to PMHS in the rear…
• Developing Finite Element Head Models using Advanced Blocking Techniques: Density-Changeable High-Quality All-Hexahedral Meshes and Fit for Individual Brain Component Morphing
  Authors: Sakib Ul Islam, Kewei Bian, and Haojie Mao—Western University Abstract Detailed all-hexahedral solid head models were developed using an advanced blocking technique. A strategic O- grid core was implemented facilitating node-to-node connectivity and seamless mesh distribution across all scalp-skull-brain structures. Two models with 549,054 and 231,586 hexahedral elements representing…
• Development of Pelvis Injury Risk Curves for Iliac Bone Fracture Due to Lap Belt Loading in Female PMHS Sled Tests
  Authors: Karthik Somasundaram, Narayan Yoganandan, Klaus Driesslein, Frank A. Pintar—Medical College of Wisconsin; Rachel Richardson, Dan Parent—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Abstract This study aimed to develop injury tolerance metrics for iliac bone fractures resulting from lap belt loading in frontal impact scenarios. We conducted 27 whole-body postmortem human subject…
• Evaluating Pedestrian Injury Risk in SUV Impacts Using a Validated Human Body and Vehicle Model
  Authors: Ying Tao, Liying Zhang—Wayne State University Abstract Pedestrian fatalities have surged recently, with SUVs disproportionately causing severe injuries than sedans. This study aimed to enhance the biofidelity of the THUMS AM50 pedestrian model by validating it against recent cadaver-SUV impact tests and to explore how body orientation and gait…
• Far-Side Struck Occupant Injury Patterns and Severities with Gender and Size 
  Authors: Jay Zhao, Gabriela Mata, Mutaz Shkoukani—Joyson Safety Systems Abstract This study was to better understand injury patterns and severities of far-side occupants of small size females and mid/large size males from vehicle crashes. 405 AIS 2+ injury incidents of 80 far-side struck occupants from 2004-current CIREN database were categorized…
• Micromechanics of axonal injury in tension and compression
  Authors: Chaokai Zhang, Songbai Ji—Worcester Polytechnic Institute Abstract This study investigates the deformation and failure mechanisms of axonal components under rapid tension and compression using a recently developed microscale male axonal injury model. A white matter fiber strain profile from a real-world head impact simulation was scaled to apply tension…
• Pelvis/Sacrum Fracture Tolerance for Males and Females under High-Rate Loading
  Authors: David M. Boyle, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics; Kerry A. Danelson—Wake Forest, Center for Injury Biomechanics Abstract Pelvis fracture tolerance was determined for three groups: small females (5F), large females (75F), and midsized males (50M) under highly controlled, repeatable, and high-rate conditions that mimic an underbody…
• Preliminary Evaluation of OpenSim as a Tool for Simulating Occupant Kinematics in Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions
  Authors: Brandon Fugger—Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota; Jesse Rhoades—Department of Education, Health & Behavior, University of North Dakota Abstract This study explored the feasibility of using OpenSim’s forward dynamics tool to model occupant kinematics in low-speed rear-end collisions. The crash pulse characteristics and comparison kinematic data were…
• Role of Pedestrian Waist and Hip Height Relative to the Vehicle Front End in Kinematics and Torso Injuries
  Authors: Becky Mueller, Samuel Monfort, Jessica Jermakian—Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Abstract This study examined 127 U.S. pedestrian crashes involving model year 2009–2022 cars, SUVs, and pickups to explore how the height of the vehicle front end relative to the pedestrian’s hip and waist height affected pedestrian kinematics and torso…

Publisher: Stapp Car Crash Conference

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