68th Stapp Car Crash Conference

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Presented Research

Full Paper Submissions from the 68^th Stapp Conference

• A Comparison of the Mid-Size Male THOR and Hybrid III ATDs in Vehicle Frontal Crash Tests
  Authors: Chris O’Connor, Agnes Kim, and Tim Barrette—Ford Motor Company; Jeff Dix—Nissan North America Abstract In order to evaluate the…
• A Novel Approach to Scaling Age-, Sex-, and Body Size-Dependent Thoracic Responses using Structural Properties of Human Ribs
  Authors: Yun-Seok Kang, John H. Bolte IV, and Amanda M. Agnew—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University; Jason Stammen…
• A Reanalysis of Experimental Brain Strain Data: Implication for Finite Element Head Model Validation
  Authors: Zhou Zhou, Xiaogai Li, and Svein Kleiven—Neuronic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Chirag S. Shah—Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc.;…
• A Sensor Suite for Toeboard Three-Dimensional Deformation Measurement During Crash
  Authors: Mengyu Song and Cong Chen—Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Tomonari, Furukawa—University of Virginia; Azusa Nakata and Shinsuke Shibata—Honda…
• A Shoulder Injury Criterion for the EuroSID-2re Applicable in a Large Loading Condition Spectrum of the Military Domain
  Authors: Matthieu Lebarbé and Pascal Baudrit—CEESAR; Denis Lafont—DGA-TT, French Ministry of Defense Abstract The EuroSID-2re (ES-2re) is an Anthropometric Test…
• Age-Specific Injury Risk Curves for Distributed, Anterior Thoracic Loading of Various Sizes of Adults Based on Sternal Deflections
  Authors: Harold J. Mertz—General Motors Corporation (retired); Priya Prasad—Prasad Engineering, LLC; Dainius J. Dalmotas—D. J. Dalmotas Consulting, Inc.; Annette L….
• Analysis of Force Mitigation by Boots in Axial Impacts using a Lower Leg Finite Element Model
  Authors: Carolyn E. Hampton, Michael Kleinberger—U.S. Army Research Laboratory; Michael Schlick, Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar—Medical College of Wisconsin…
• Analysis of Kinematic Response of Pediatric Occupants Seated in Naturalistic Positions in Simulated Frontal Small Offset Impacts: With and Without Automatic Emergency Braking
  Authors: Jalaj Maheshwari, Shreyas Sarfare, and Aditya Belwadi—Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Clayton Falciani—Center for…
• Analysis of Lap Belt Fit to Human Subjects using CT Images
  Authors: Yoshihiko Tanaka, Atsushi Nakashima, Haijie Feng, and Koji Mizuno—Nagoya University; Minoru Yamada, Yoshitake Yamada, Yoichi Yokoyama, and Masahito Jinzaki—Keio…
• Analysis of Repeatability and Reproducibility Standards of ATD Response for the Correlation Method
  Authors: Lan Xu and Guy Nusholtz—FCA US LLC, USA Abstract Statistical methods, using the entire time-history, can be used to…
• Analysis of the Frequency and Mechanism of Injury to Warfighters in the Under-body Blast Environment
  Authors: Kerry Danelson, Laura Watkins, Jonathon Hendricks—Wake Forest Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Patricia Frounfelker—WIAMan Case Review Team; Karen Pizzolato-Heine, Ray…
• Application of Deep Learning Methods for Pedestrian Collision Detection Using Dashcam Videos
  Authors: Shouhei Kunitomi and Shinichi Takayama—Japan Automobile Research Institute; Masayuki Shirakawa—Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc. Abstract The goal of this…
• Application of Extreme Value Theory to Crash Data Analysis
  Authors: Lan Xu and Guy Nusholtz—FCA US LLC, USA Abstract A parametric model obtained by fitting a set of data…
• Assessment of Several THOR Thoracic Injury Criteria based on a New Post Mortem Human Subject Test Series and Recommendations
  Authors: Xavier Trosseille and Philippe Petit—LAB PSA Renault; Jérôme Uriot, Pascal Potier, and Pascal Baudrit—CEESAR Abstract Several studies, available in…
• Assessment of the skull fracture prediction capability of a finite element head model
  Authors: Clément Pozzi, Marc Gardegaront, Lucille Allegre, Philippe Beillas—Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Univ Eiffel, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622 Lyon, France…
• Assessment of Thoracic Response and Injury Risk Using the Hybrid III, THOR-M, and Post-Mortem Human Surrogates under Various Restraint Conditions in Full-Scale Frontal Sled Tests
  Authors: Devon L Albert, Stephanie M Beeman, and Andrew R Kemper—Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech Abstract A…
• Association of Impact Velocity with Risks of Serious Injuries and Fatalities to Pedestrians in Commercial Truck-Pedestrian Accidents
  Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui and Shoko Oikawa—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Kazuhiro Sorimachi, Akira Imanishi, and Takeshi Fujimura—Isuzu Advanced…
• Association of Impact Velocity with Serious-Injury and Fatality Risks to Cyclists in Commercial Truck-Cyclist Accidents
  Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Shoko Oikawa—Tokyo Metropolitan University; Kazuhiro Sorimachi, Akira Imanishi, and Takeshi Fujimura—Isuzu…
• Biofidelic Evaluation of the Large Omni-Directional Child Anthropomorphic Test Device in Low Speed Loading Conditions
  Authors: Thomas Seacrist, Jalaj Maheshwari, and Valentina Graci—The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Christine M. Holt, Raul Akkem, and Gregory Chingas—Drexel…
• Biofidelity Evaluation of the THOR and Hybrid III 50th Percentile Male Frontal Impact Anthropomorphic Test Devices
  Authors: Daniel Parent, Matthew Craig, Kevin Moorhouse—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Abstract The objective of this study is to present…
• Biomechanical Response of Military Booted and Unbooted Foot-Ankle-Tibia from Vertical Loading
  Authors: Frank A. Pintar, Michael B. Schlick, and Narayan Yoganandan—Medical College of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center; Liming Voo and…
• Biomechanical Responses and Injury Assessment of Post Mortem Human Subjects in Various Rear-facing Seating Configurations
  Authors: Yun-Seok Kang—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University; Jason Stammen and Kevin Moorhouse—National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Vehicle…
• Biomechanical Responses of PMHS Subjected to Abdominal Seatbelt Loading
  Authors: Rakshit Ramachandra, Yun-Seok Kang, and John H. Bolte—The Ohio State University; Alena Hagedorn and Rodney Herriott—Transportation Research Center Inc.;…
• Biomechanics of Lumbar Motion-Segments in Dynamic Compression
  Authors: Mike W. J. Arun, Prasannaah Hadagali, Klaus Driesslein, William Curry, Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar—Department of Neurosurgery, Medical…
• Brain Strain from Motion of Sparse Markers
  Authors: Zhou Zhou, Xiaogai Li, and Svein Kleiven—KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech-Wake Forest Center for Injury…
• Comparison of Adult Female and Male PMHS Pelvis and Lumbar Response to Underbody Blast
  Authors: Hollie Pietsch—US Army DEVCOM Ground Vehicle Systems Center, Wayne State University; Danielle Cristino, Matthew Mason, Andrew Kemper, and Warren…
• Comparison of Bending Properties in Paired Human Ribs with and without Costal Cartilage
  Authors: Rose Schaffer, Yun-Seok Kang, Angelo Marcallini, Jr.—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University; Bengt Pipkorn—Autoliv Research, Sweden; John…
• Development and Full Body Validation of a 5th Percentile Female Finite Element Model
  Authors: Matthew L. Davis, Bharath Koya, Jeremy M. Schap, and F. Scott Gayzik—Wake Forest School of Medicine, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest…
• Development of A Generic Nearside Impact Test Fixture for Evaluating In-Vehicle Crashworthiness of Wheelchairs
  Authors: Kyle Boyle, Jingwen Hu, Miriam Manary, Nichole R. Orton, Kathleen D. Klinich—University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Abstract Current…
• Development of a Subhuman Primate Brain Finite Element Model to Investigate Brain Injury Thresholds Induced by Head Rotation
  Authors: Tushar Arora and Liying Zhang—Wayne State University; Priya Prasad—Prasad Engineering, LLC Abstract An anatomically detailed rhesus monkey brain FE…
• Development of an Unbiased Validation Protocol to Assess the Biofidelity of Finite Element Head Models used in Prediction of Traumatic Brain Injury
  Authors: Chiara Giordano and Svein Kleiven—Royal Institute of Technology KTH, School of Technology and Health, Department of Neuronic Engineering Abstract This…
• Development of the CAVEMAN Human Body Model: Validation of Lower Extremity Sub-Injurious Response to Vertical Accelerative Loading 
  Authors: Kent Butz, Chad Spurlock, Rajarshi Roy, Cameron Bell, Paul Barrett, Aaron Ward, Xudong Xiao, Allen Shirley, Colin Welch, Kevin…
• Development, Evaluation, and Sensitivity Analysis of Parametric Finite Element Whole-Body Human Models in Side Impacts
  Authors: Eunjoo Hwang, Jingwen Hu, Cong Chen, Katelyn F. Klein, Carl S. Miller, and Matthew P. Reed—University of Michigan Transportation…
• Driving Behavior during Left-Turn Maneuvers at Intersections on Left-Hand Traffic Roads
  Author: Yasuhiro Matsui and Masashi Narita—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Shoko Oikawa—Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan  Abstract Understanding left-turn…
• Driving Behavior during Right-Turn Maneuvers at Intersections on Left-Hand Traffic Roads
  Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui and Naruyuki Hosokawa—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Shoko Oikawa—Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Abstract In Japan,…
• Effect of A-Pillar Blind Spots on a Driver’s Pedestrian Visibility during Vehicle Turns at an Intersection
  Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Shoko Oikawa—Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Abstract This study aims to elucidate…
• Effect of Abdominal Loading Location on Liver Motion: Experimental Assessment using Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging and Simulation with a Human Body Model
  Authors: Anicet Le Ruyet and Philippe Beillas—Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622, Lyon, France; Fabien…
• Effect of Tissue Erosion Modeling Techniques on Pedestrian Impact Kinematics
  Authors: Daniel Grindle and Costin Untaroiu—Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics (BEAM), Center for Injury Biomechanics, Virginia Tech Abstract The…
• Effects of Head Restraint (HR) Interference on Child Restraint System (CRS) Performance in Frontal and Far-Side Impacts
  Authors: Julie Mansfield—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University Abstract Forward-facing child restraint systems (FF CRS) and high-back boosters…
• Effects of Technology on Drivers’ Behavior during Backing Maneuvers
  Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui—National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Shoko Oikawa—Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Abstract This paper examines how vehicle…
• Evaluation of Child Anthropometries in Relation to Modern Vehicle Seat and Booster Dimensions
  Authors: Gretchen Baker, Rosalie Connell—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University; Carrie Rhodes—Passenger Safety Program, Nationwide Children’s Hospital; Julie…
• Evaluation of DAMAGE Algorithm in Frontal Crashes
  Authors: Priya Prasad—Prasad Engineering, Inc.; Saeed D. Barbat and Anil Kalra—Ford Motor Company; Dainius Dalmotas—D.J. Dalmotas Consulting, Inc. Abstract With…
• Evaluation of Rotation Reduction Features in Infant and Extended-Use Convertible Child Restraint Systems during Frontal and Rear Impacts
  Authors: Declan A. Patton, Aditya N. Belwadi, and Jalaj Maheshwari—Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Kristy…
• Evaluation of WIAMan Technology Demonstrator Biofidelity Relative to Sub-Injurious PMHS Response in Simulated Under-body Blast Events
  Authors: Hollie A. Pietsch, Kelly E. Bosch, and David R. Weyland—US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center; E….
• Examination of Crash Injury Risk as a Function of Occupant Demographics
  Authors: Dainius Dalmotas, Aline Chouinard, Jean-Louis Comeau, Alan German, Glenn Robbins—D.J. Dalmotas Consulting, Inc.; Priya Prasad—Prasad Engineering, Inc. Abstract The…
• Factors Affecting Child Injury Risk in Motor-Vehicle Crashes
  Authors: Marco Benedetti, Kathleen D. Klinich, Miriam A. Manary, and Carol A.C. Flannagan—University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Abstract Current…
• Far Side Impact Injury Threshold Recommendations Based on 6 Paired WorldSID / Post Mortem Human Subjects Tests
  Authors: Philippe Petit and Xavier Trosseille—LAB PSA Peugeot Citroën Renault (Nanterre – France); Jérôme Uriot, David Poulard, Pascal Potier, and…
• Front Airbag Deployment Rates in Real-World Car Accidents in Japan and Implications for Activation of Accident Emergency Calling System
  Authors: Yasuhiro Matsui—National Traffic Safety Environment Laboratory, Japan; Shoko Oikawa—Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Abstract Accident emergency calling systems (AECSs) are…
• Frontal-Crash Occupant Protection in the Rear Seat: Submarining and Abdomen/Pelvis Response in Midsized Male Surrogates
  Authors: Allison J. Guettler, Samuel T. Bianco, Devon L. Albert, David M. Boyle, Andrew R. Kemper, and Warren N. Hardy—Virginia…
• Geometrical and Mechanical Characterization of the Abdominal Fold of Obese Post Mortem Human Subjects for Use in Human Body Modelling
  Authors: Matthieu Lebarbé—CEESAR (France); Philippe Beillas, Tomas Janak, and Yoann Lafon—Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel,…

All publications listed above will be made available for purchase in the Stapp Car Crash Journal, volumes 68–69. For additional information on publication dates and/or purchase, please visit Stapp Car Crash Journal Publications.

Short Communications from the 68^th Stapp Conference

• A Study of Submarining Occurrence Factors in Reclined Sitting Posture
  Authors: Garam Jeong, Dohyung Kim, Kyungwon Seo and Seokhoon Ko—Hyundai Mobis Abstract A series of crash simulations and SLED tests…
• An Exploration of Military Armored Vehicle Blast Event Timing for the Inclusion of Active and Passive Safety Systems
  Authors: Tania Holmes—Defence Science and Technology Group, Platforms Division, Vehicle Survivability/RMIT University, School of Engineering; Paul Phillips, Kyle Cooper—Defence Science…
• Anthropometric Influences on Changes in Belt-Positioning Booster Occupant Lower Extremity Postures
  Authors: Rosalie Connell, Gretchen Baker, Julie Mansfield—Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University Abstract Deviation from ideal postures within…
• Comparison of Hybrid III, THOR, and PMHS Forward Excursions in the Rear Seat during Frontal Sled Tests
  Authors: Devon L. Albert, Samuel T. Bianco, Allison J. Guettler, David M. Boyle, Andrew R. Kemper, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech,…
• Developing Finite Element Head Models using Advanced Blocking Techniques: Density-Changeable High-Quality All-Hexahedral Meshes and Fit for Individual Brain Component Morphing
  Authors: Sakib Ul Islam, Kewei Bian, and Haojie Mao—Western University Abstract Detailed all-hexahedral solid head models were developed using an…
• Development of Pelvis Injury Risk Curves for Iliac Bone Fracture Due to Lap Belt Loading in Female PMHS Sled Tests
  Authors: Karthik Somasundaram, Narayan Yoganandan, Klaus Driesslein, Frank A. Pintar—Medical College of Wisconsin; Rachel Richardson, Dan Parent—National Highway Traffic Safety…
• Evaluating Pedestrian Injury Risk in SUV Impacts Using a Validated Human Body and Vehicle Model
  Authors: Ying Tao, Liying Zhang—Wayne State University Abstract Pedestrian fatalities have surged recently, with SUVs disproportionately causing severe injuries than…
• Far-Side Struck Occupant Injury Patterns and Severities with Gender and Size 
  Authors: Jay Zhao, Gabriela Mata, Mutaz Shkoukani—Joyson Safety Systems Abstract This study was to better understand injury patterns and severities…
• Micromechanics of axonal injury in tension and compression
  Authors: Chaokai Zhang, Songbai Ji—Worcester Polytechnic Institute Abstract This study investigates the deformation and failure mechanisms of axonal components under…
• Pelvis/Sacrum Fracture Tolerance for Males and Females under High-Rate Loading
  Authors: David M. Boyle, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics; Kerry A. Danelson—Wake Forest, Center for Injury Biomechanics…
• Preliminary Evaluation of OpenSim as a Tool for Simulating Occupant Kinematics in Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions
  Authors: Brandon Fugger—Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota; Jesse Rhoades—Department of Education, Health & Behavior, University of North…
• Role of Pedestrian Waist and Hip Height Relative to the Vehicle Front End in Kinematics and Torso Injuries
  Authors: Becky Mueller, Samuel Monfort, Jessica Jermakian—Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Abstract This study examined 127 U.S. pedestrian crashes involving…

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Awards Presented at the 68^th Stapp Conference

The John Paul Stapp Best Paper Award

“Frontal-Crash Occupant Protection in the Rear Seat: Submarining and Abdomen/Pelvis Response in
Midsized Male Surrogates” was submitted to the 67^th Stapp Car Crash Conference held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 2023 and presented with the John Paul Stapp Best Paper Award at the 68^th conference, held in Columbus, Ohio, in 2024.

Authors include Allison Guettler, Samuel Bianco, Devon Albert, David Boyle, Andrew Kemper, and Warren Hardy—Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics.

John W. Melvin Student Award

First Place: Miguel Corrales, “Isolated Rib Response and Fracture Prediction for Young Mid-Size Male, Enabled by Population Specific Material Models and Rib Cross-Sectional Geometry.” Additional authors include Sven Holcombe, University of Michigan; Amanda Agnew, The Ohio State University; Yun-Seok Kang, The Ohio State University; and Duane Cronin, University of Waterloo. Miguel Corrales is from the University of Waterloo.

Second Place: Matheus Correia, “Integration of Muscle Pre-tension and Activation to Evaluate Neck Muscle Strain Injury Risk during Simulated Rear Impacts Using a Finite Element Neck Model.” Additional authors include Stewart D. McLachlin and Duane S. Cronin from the University of Waterloo.

Third Place: Rose Schaffer, “Comparison of Bending Properties in Paired Human Ribs with and without Costal Cartilage.” Additional authors include Yun-Seok Kang, Angelo Marcallini, Jr., Bengt Pipkorn, John Bolte IV, and Amanda Agnew from The Ohio State University and Autoliv Research.

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Keynote Presentation

Keynote speaker from the 68^th Stapp Car Crash Conference was Dr. Ola Boström, Vice President of Research at Autoliv and Veoneer, Retired, on the topic, “Murphy’s Law and Traffic Safety”.

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Invited Speaker

Invited speaker from the 68^th Stapp Car Crash Conference was Dr. Kevin Moorhouse, Chief, Applied Biomechanics Research Division, Vehicle Research & Test Center, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, on the topic, “NHTSA Biomechanics Research”.

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Panel Discussion

Key Considerations for Optimizing Rear Seat Restraint Designs to Protect All Occupants

A conference highlight was the interesting panel discussion, “KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR OPTIMIZING REAR SEAT RESTRAINT DESIGNS TO PROTECT ALL OCCUPANTS,” which was moderated by Dr. Jason Stammen, Chief, Applied Crashworthiness Research Division, Vehicle Research & Test Center, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. In this discussion, experts from various domains covered rear-seat safety, including real-world data, seat design, restraint design, child restraints, occupant sensing, and biomechanics. Panelists included Kristy Arbogast, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Cecilia Sunnevång, Autoliv; Jessica Jermakian, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety; Andrew Kemper, National Highway Safety Administration.

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