Discover the latest advancements in impact biomechanics and crash injury protection with the Stapp Car Crash Journal, Volume 69. This edition features papers submitted to the Stapp Car Crash Journal in 2024 and 2025 and presented at the 2024 and 2025 Stapp Car Crash Conferences. The Stapp Car Crash Conference is the premier forum for the presentation of research in impact biomechanics, human injury tolerance, and related fields, advancing the knowledge of land-vehicle crash injury protection.
In This Volume
Topics discussed in this volume include:
- Crash scenarios
- Injury biomechanics
- Occupant Kinematics
- Finite Element Models
- Simulations
- Human Body Models
Access eFirst Articles for Volume 69
Articles published by the Stapp Car Crash Journal may be made available prior to release of their respective journal volume in the form of an eFirst Article. Stapp Journal eFirst Articles follow strict guidelines regarding authoring and peer review but may not be in their final form. All eFirst articles will remain available in this form until published in their respective volume.
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Articles from Volume 69, Issue 1
- Assessment of the Skull Fracture Prediction Capability of Finite Element Head ModelsAuthors: Clément Pozzi, Marc Gardegaront, Lucille Allegre, Philippe Beillas—Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Univ Eiffel, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622 Lyon, France Abstract The development of drones has raised questions about their safety in case of high-speed impacts with the head. This has been recently studied with dummies, postmortem human surrogates and…
- Development of a Generic Nearside Impact Test Fixture for Evaluating In-Vehicle Crashworthiness of WheelchairsAuthors: Kyle Boyle, Jingwen Hu, Miriam Manary, Nichole R. Orton, Kathleen D. Klinich—University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Abstract Current voluntary standards for wheelchair crashworthiness only test under frontal and rear impact conditions. To help provide an equitable level of safety for occupants seated in wheelchairs under side impact, we…
- Integration of Muscle Pre-tension and Activation to Evaluate Neck Muscle Strain Injury Risk during Simulated Rear Impacts Using a Finite Element Neck ModelAuthors: Matheus A. Correia, Stewart D. McLachlin, Duane S. Cronin—Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo Abstract Prevention of rear-impact neck injuries remains challenging for safety designers due to a lack of understanding of the tissue-level response and injury risk. Soft tissue injuries have been inferred from clinical,…
- Investigation of Injury Risk Functions of THOR-AV 50th Percentile Male DummyAuthor: Z. Jerry Wang and George Hu—Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. Abstract This research investigated injury risk functions (IRF) for the THOR-AV 50th percentile male dummy in accordance with ISO TS18506, focusing on areas with design changes. The IRF development utilized a combination of physical tests and finite element (FE) model…
- Proposed Reformulation of Brain Injury Criteria (BrIC) Using Head Rotation-Induced Brain Injury Thresholds Simulated and Derived Directly from a Subhuman Primate Finite Element ModelAuthors: Dominic R. Demma, Ying Tao, Liying Zhang—Wayne State University; Priya Prasad—Prasad Engineering, LLC Abstract Recent studies have found that Brain Injury Criteria (BrIC) grossly overpredicts instances of real-world, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, as it stands, BrIC is the leading candidate for a rotational head kinematics-based brain injury…
- Traumatic Head and Brain Injuries in Helmeted Motorcycle CrashesAuthor: John Lloyd—BRAINS, Inc Abstract This study presents an analysis of 364 motorcycle helmet impact tests, including standard certified full-face, open-face, and half-helmets, as well as non-certified (novelty) helmet designs. Two advanced motorcycle helmet designs that incorporate technologies intended to mitigate the risk of rotational brain injuries (rTBI) were included…
Articles from Volume 69, Issue 2
- Human Detection Capability of Vehicle Front Sonar Sensors in Light and Small Passenger Cars and MinivanAuthors: Yasuhiro Matsui, National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan; Shoko Oikawa, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Abstract Sonar sensor systems have been developed to prevent collisions between vehicles and surrounding objects by employing ultrasonic sensors mounted at the front of the vehicle. These systems warn drivers when nearby obstacles are…
- Improve Safety Balance Between Women and Men in Frontal Crashes Through Parametric Human Modeling and Adaptive Design OptimizationAuthors: Wenbo Sun, Jingwen Hu, Yang-Shen Lin, Kyle Boyle, Matthew Reed, University of Michigan; Zhaonan Sun, Jason Hallman, Toyota Collaborative Safety Research Center Abstract Objective: Previous studies have reported disparity in injuries between male and female drivers in the risk of certain types of injuries in frontal crashes that may…
- Pedestrian Injury Case Reconstruction Through Data Fusion and Machine LearningAuthors: Xiaoyang Song, Wenbo Sun, Jingwen Hu, Carol Flannagan, Jared Karlow, Patrick Bowman, University of Michigan; Iskander Farooq, Anil Kalra, Ford Motor Company Abstract The proportion of pedestrian injuries in motor-vehicle-crash-induced injuries in the U.S. has been increasing in recent years. Although extensive police-reported data on pedestrian injuries is available,…
- Quantifying Naturalistic Changes in Occupant Postures in Belt-Positioning Booster Seats Utilizing Pressure MatsAuthors: Rosalie Connell, Gretchen Baker, Julie Mansfield, The Ohio State University Abstract Belt-positioning booster seats (BPBs) help promote proper seat belt fit for children in vehicles. The effectiveness of BPBs depends on occupant posture, which can be influenced by BPB design features. This study aimed to quantitatively describe how children’s…
- Thoracic Responses of Rear-Seated Midsized Male Surrogates during Frontal Sled TestsAuthors: Devon L. Albert, Samuel T. Bianco, Allison J. Guettler, David M. Boyle, Andrew R. Kemper, Warren N. Hardy—Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thoracic responses of the 50th-percenitle male Hybrid III, THOR, and post mortem human surrogate (PMHS) in…
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